Gambling is the wagering of something of value on a random event where instances of skill are discounted. The gambler hopes to gain something of value in return, but the probability of winning is usually less than 50 percent (see below).
Some people play games of chance for fun and social interaction with friends. Others play for money, either in a casino or online. There are also sports teams and other organizations that gamble for charity, using the funds raised to support a cause.
Problem gambling is a serious mental health issue and is associated with a range of negative consequences, including jeopardized relationships, lost employment and education opportunities, legal issues, and financial ruin. Problem gambling is defined as:
A person gambles in order to win or recover a previous loss; is restless and anxious between gambling sessions; has difficulty stopping gambling or limiting the amount wagered; feels guilty, ashamed, or helpless when losing; lies to family members, therapists, or other treatment providers about their gambling involvement; or engages in illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, embezzlement, theft, and more, to fund gambling activities (American Psychiatric Association 2000).
Scientists have developed a variety of models and theories to explain pathological gambling, including behavioral-environmental reasons, a general theory of addictions, reward deficiency syndrome, and biogenetic factors. These differing viewpoints can result in conflicting findings about the nature of pathological gambling. These varied perspectives can also contribute to inconsistent interventions, public policy decisions, and self-perceptions by pathological gamblers themselves.